Why Software Testing is Necessary?

We, citizenry are susceptible to making mistakes and errors. Constant distractions, incomplete knowledge, or maybe wrong decisions are a number of the explanations that become a explanation for defects and other discrepancies. Likewise, in Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) too, software engineers make mistakes, which frequently hamper results and prohibit the developers and programmers to develop a software that’s of optimum quality. Therefore, to avoid such a scenario software testing services are implemented regularly during the software life cycle to make sure the prominence and quality of the merchandise . To elaborate more on the importance of testing, here is an discussion on an equivalent .

Software Testing at a Glance:

Performed manually or with the help of automated tools, software testing may be a process that’s usually executed by a team of testers to verify application’s quality, functionality, effectiveness, efficiency, reliability, security, stability, among other things. it’s an amalgamation of varied simple and sophisticated activities, methodologies, and techniques, which make sure that the software is developed as per the wants of the client and follows the international rules and regulations.

Executed with the help of fundamental testing process, software testing allows testers to seek out defects within the system. Hence, software testing is one among the foremost important process during SDLC, without which we cannot guarantee optimum user experience and 100% user satisfaction.

Why is Testing Necessary?

Errors made by us humans, when executed can cause software failures. Some errors and mistakes are minor but some are quite dangerous and need constant evaluation and monitoring. Therefore, it’s become vital for software testing engineers to implement testing throughout the software life cycle, to make sure the efficiency of the developed software also on verify that no defects or bugs are left undetected, as they will hamper the intended quality, effectiveness, & performance of the software. Moreover, testing may be a process that helps measure the standard of the software and provides confidence in it. Other reasons that make testing necessary during SDLC are:

Makes use of the purchasers reliability and their satisfaction within the software/application.
It is necessary so as to supply various facilities to the customer like, the delivery of top quality product that needs low maintenance.

Reduces overall level of risks.

Prevents failures of software applications, which may be very expensive if not prevented.
It is needed for properly understanding the faults and defects within the system.
Testing validates effective performance and functionality of the software package .
Helps learn more about software application’s reliability, stability, security, and more.
Allows us to check major also as minor components and features of the software.
Makes software safe and user friendly.

Software that are tested properly provide efficient resource utilization leading to low cost.
Allows us to detect defects during the first stages of software development.
Ensures the standard , effectiveness, and efficiency of the software before its release.
Validates its compliance with user environment, various rules and regulations, also as necessary regulatory standards.

Creates defect reports and test report, which may be utilized in future by developer and testers if an identical issue or defect is encountered by them.
It is necessary to enhance business.

CONCLUSION:

Indium Software is a Specialist Software Testing Services provider.
Indium Software’s comprehensive suite of testing services covers Test Advisory, Functional testing and Non-Functional testing specializing in Automation testing, Digital, DevOps, Agile, Web, Mobility, IOT, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence to name a few. Indium Software is helping clients globally transform their QA services function to achieve zero production defects, reduce QA cycle times up to 80% and lower overall QA costs up to 60% with its Next-Gen Testing Solutions, Modern Testing Approach, Skilled Teams and Global Delivery Model. We are also an ISO 9001:2008 & ISO 27001:2013 certified company.

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Software defects priority

Software Defects Priority can be classified into four categories as i stated below:

Priority 1 – Resolve Immediately:

Example: User unable to launch ‘Funds Transfer’ page in a Banking application. When user clicks on ‘Funds Transfer’ button from Banking application home page the ‘Technical Problems’ or ‘Page Not Found’ displayed to the user.

In this example software tester should report the defect as Severity 1 or Showstopper because the system/application under test is out of service. In other words there is no work around or not usable to use the system/application unless the developer fix the defect for further usable.

In this case software tester should deem this as a top priority or Priority 1 defect to resolve immediately.

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Priority 2 – High Attention:

Example: User able to launch ‘Funds Transfer’ page in a Banking application successfully but the ‘Complete Transfer’ button not clickable to initiate funds transfer.

In this example software tester should report the defect as Severity 2 or Critical because the major function of the system/application under test not working. In other words the intent of the application functionality is not usable and no workaround exists to use the application functionality unless the developer fix the defect for further usable.

In this case software tester should deem this as Priority 2 or High Attention defect to resolve the defect at the earliest.

Priority 3 – Medium:

Example: User able to launch ‘Funds Transfer’ page in a Banking application successfully and ‘Complete Transfer’ button is clickable to initiate funds transfer. But the application allows to transfer the money upto $1000 and not more than $1000. As a workaround user has to initiate funds transfer 2 times in order to transfer $2000 with each transfer of $1000.

In this example software tester should report the defect as Severity 3 or Medium because major function of the system/application under test not working but there is a temporary workaround exists to use the system.

In this case software tester should deem this as Priority 3 or Medium because this defect may be considered acceptable by the business to proceed to production and address as a post production issue.

Priority 4 – Low:

Example: Cosmetic issues in the ‘Funds Transfer’ page like spelling mistakes, page format issues.

In this example software tester should report the defect as Severity 4 or Minor because whenever components of the application are not functioning to specification but the situation is manageable i.e fix can be instituted in a future release.

In this case software tester should deem this as Priority 4 or Low because this defect may be considered acceptable by the business to proceed to production and address as a post production issue.

How Software Testing Service Helps Manufacturing Firms To Maintain Their Product Quality?

Having a perfect quality manufacturing process is the aim of every production firm that provides different kinds of products to all the customers across the globe. By using different software, they control all of their manufacturing processes and make it possible that any product they manufacture in there will have long-lasting benefits.

Assume for a second; that if a software that controls all the major manufacturing process doesn’t work properly due to any kind of bugs or inefficiency then how much it will cost. All the products manufacture that period of time when software was not working properly will not be up to the standards.

Users will not find that level of experience as they were getting before. In result of that customers might think to switch to any other substitute. That all loss happens because of the tiny problem in software; it happens because of the reason software is not tested at the time when it was purchased from developers.

To implement quality in the production process; software testing services plays a vital role. They offer extraordinary solutions of testing to all their clients especially in the field of manufacturing.

Software testing is a key to maintaining the performance of software over a period of time. To provide precision in results and continuity in performance, software testing service provider has the necessary tools and experience to evaluate actual results of any software performance in order to maintain its optimum output for.

They use diversified tools and techniques in order to evaluate the actual output of any software known as, functional analysis, automation analysis and security analysis. After implementing these tools, a new strategy is developed to improve quality standards of software.

As compare to conventional software; software use by manufacturing firm is more complicated and requires extensive testing by the test team to find out actual performance.

Software testing service provider evaluates functionality and performance of particular software to figure out any kind of flaws in it and how these could be removed. Testing makes any software fully functional and perfect for the use to maintain a quality of production process.

Software testing is an indispensable process that must have to be carried out by the management of the manufacturing firm with the help of software testing service provider. It is vital to implement that process because if a quality of manufacturing products is not maintained through by getting the help of QA Services then, a manufacturer might have to pay the price of in terms of low quality and enhancement in customer exit. The benefit of software testing is much more that not only identify flaws but as well as provides definite measures for a solution.

 

Software Testing Questions: Questions That Many Rely On.

During the testing phase a number of questions are raised by the software tester that requires answering by people involved in the development of the software. These questions are termed ‘software testing questions’.
Any software which has been developed by the top software testing companies undergoes series of testing during the development phase and also before sending for marketing.

During the testing period, the software is checked for correctness, completeness, security etc. In addition the software is also checked for capability, reliability, efficiency etc.

Software testing actually indicates that the software under development is being investigated as per requirement specifications agreed to between the developer and user.

The software developer prepares the software based on the requirements agreed upon with the user because the developer should have detailed requirements for the design and development of the software. Just like the developer asks the questions to the customer about requirements specification the tester prepares questions related to the software testing.

Some of the questions that are being asked in ‘software testing question’ are as follows.

What is software testing? – BS 7925-1 defines testing as the process of exercising software to verify that it satisfies specified requirements and to detect faults; the measurement of software quality. The purpose of testing is to detect faults so that they can be removed before the product is made available to customers.
What is quality assurance? – This encompasses the entire software development process including processes such as code reviews and release management. Software testing is a subset of quality assurance
Why is testing necessary? – Testing is necessary because of mistakes made by people who are involved in the process of software development. Some of the reasons for mistakes are poor requirements specification, poor planning leading to rush work, miscommunication, developer inexperience etc.
Who can do testing? – People who are have quality consciousness, keen eye for details and ability to communicate can do testing.
When should we do testing? – Testing should start as early in the project as possible. It has to start from module level and end up with acceptance testing.
Other questions normally asked are about software development life cycle, test plan, test case etc.

Every one of these questions needs to be answered and well documented at the time of marketing. The software documentation should include all information regarding the software.

The documentation should detail the test plan, test cases and details of what the user should do in case he finds a bug in the software. The software tester should ensure that he is well prepared for answering questions of this nature and also make a list of questions that are likely to be asked to him to get ready with the answers.

In case the bugs are not resolved in a short period, the customer will get frustrated because of the low performance of the software. This is a negative publicity for the company and this affect sales, growth and profitability. The software testing software has all such questions included in it.

While formulating the software testing question the following technical questions also need to be looked into.

• What are the suitable hardware and software for the application under consideration?
• What development software is used for developing the current application software?
• What is the client/server environment?
• Is the software portable with other operating systems?
• Does the software meet customer’s application requirements?
• What are the types of testing used for developing this software?
• The objective of software testing is not only to find the errors in the application program but also to answer questions regarding the functionality of the software in relation to customer’s requirements specifications. In order to facilitate the customer’s better understanding of the software testing also provides test plans, flow charts etc. which gives the overall view of the software. Flow charts are a practical answer to practical applications.

In case the design of the application is good there will be fewer questions to answer. Software testing question is an integral part of the testing process as it solves most of the bugs in the software.

Software Stress Testing

In case, you are keen to take up a career in software testing, you should have an idea about the stress testing process. Before you know about software testing and stress testing you should have some idea about how the technology industry functions.

All the developments that are taking place around us today are mainly due to technological equipments and tools.

There is continuous demand for better technological equipments which increase efficiency and productivity. The software testing services helps in achieving this goal. The stress testing software is a component of software testing.

What is stress testing software? In software testing, stress testing refers to tests that determine the robustness of software by testing beyond the limits of normal operation. Stress testing is particularly important for “mission critical” software, but is used for all types of software.

Stress tests commonly put a greater emphasis on robustness, availability, and error handling under a heavy load, than on what would be considered correct behavior under normal circumstances.

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Although there are many “Stress testing software” available in the market, the basic requirement for stress testing remains the same.

They all are meant to test the robustness of the software that is being developed. Since there has been huge demand for high tech machines from the people, the best QA companies with a view to fulfill their demands constantly either upgrade their existing equipments/ systems with new versions or develop totally new equipments with better systems and functionality.

In this process there is a healthy competition wherein each one is trying to out beat the other. In such a situation the consumer is the king and he has varied options to choose from and gets the best equipment/ software in the most attractive packages in terms of appearance, functionality and cost.

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On the contrary, the manufacturer and software developer are hard pressed to give a good quality safe product with rich features at minimum cost. The manufacturer/ developer have to ensure that the product functions under all kinds of situations.

The stress testing process is part and parcel of software testing. Stress testing is subjecting a system to an unreasonable load while denying it the resources e.g., RAM, disc, MIPs, interrupts, etc. needed to process that load.

The main purpose is to stress a system to the breaking point in order to find bugs that will make that break potentially harmful. This process ensures that the software or the machine functions appropriately under stressful conditions.  Some of the reasons for stress testing are given below.

	The software being tested is “mission critical” and any failure of the software e.g. crash would have disastrous consequences.
	Insufficient testing time and resources for traditional testing methods
	Customers use the software on computers that have significantly fewer computational resources

The stress testing software has to make sure that the entire software product or the new equipment that has been developed is subjected to a lot of load; the system is not expected to process the overload without adequate resources, but to fail in a decent manner without corrupting or losing data.

Under such circumstances the software or machine should switch off automatically. However, no corruption of files or deletion of files should occur. To summarize, the whole stress testing should be executed to ensure that the software does not malfunction.

There are a number of websites which give details on software testing test cases and you are advised to browse through them on the Internet.

Conclusion

Hope these are the important and valuable Mobile app Testing services which could be followed by any vendors. And your thoughts and suggestions are welcome through comments. And hereby the QA Services resides with perfect solutions and techniques desired by leading and innovative techniques.

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Software Security Testing: An Essential in Todays World

The software development life cycle consists of Planning, Requirement analysis, Design & Development, Implementation, Testing & Integration, Evaluation, Release and support.

The testing of software is one of the major steps in the development cycle and is equally important like software design and development. One has to put at least 50% of the time spent in software development for testing.

During this testing a number of tests such as black box/ white box/ gray box testing, unit/ integration/ system/ acceptance testing, functional testing/ non-functional testing and verification and validation conducted on the software.

One of the most important non-functional testing is security testing.

Nowadays, software security has gained enormous importance in the world of software development.Top software testing Companies constantly search for ways and means to ensure that their systems are secure and the systems are well protected.

Large as well as small companies are prepared to spend large sums of money for adding security to their software.

The current way of functioning of individuals and organizations has been largely affected with the advent of computers and internet.

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In order to increase the efficiency of communication and operation most of the companies have operations using computers and internet.

They have computerized scientific, industrial and financial areas of operation and data is passed through internet either for communication or research or money transfer and all these operations are very critical and if not protected this will be detrimental to the profitability of the organization.

The internet service provider must ensure that the information and network are secured from the intruders.

The software security has to be inbuilt in the system from the day of starting the development and the matter has to be viewed very seriously.

As more and more additions are made to the software there is further need for security. All these mean that the security testing has to be done carefully and diligently when new software is developed.

Nowadays one comes across the misdeeds of hackers and crackers who breach the security of many organizations thereby getting access to the internals of organization data including finances.

Further, new viruses crop up on a daily basis which affects the computer operations badly. Because of these reasons the security aspect has to be considered on top priority than all other things involved in computers and computer software.

Primary purpose of security testing is to identify the vulnerabilities of the system and subsequently repairing them. This testing not only protects the data on the system but also ensures that the system remains functional.

The software security testing services involves six basic security concepts and details of them are given below.

	Confidentiality – This is a security measure to protect against disclosure of information to persons who are not the genuine recipient for that information. These are normally done by encrypting information using secret codes and passwords.
	Integrity – With this concept the information is received by the recipient from the sender without any tampering or alteration of the information during transit. Any alteration can be done only by the originator.
	Authentication – This is designed to establish the genuineness of the originator/ sender and validity of transmission. The receiver must have full confidence in the source of the originating message.
	Authorization – This process will ensure that the receiver is authorized to receive the information. This is normally controlled by using access control methods such as login, passwords etc.
	Availability – This ensures that the relevant information is readily available for accessing in case it is required for use.
	Non-repudiation – With this both the sender and receiver are prevented from denying either sending or receiving the information at a later date. This is done by the interchange of authentication information combined with some form of provable time stamp.

Most of the QA Services has similar characteristics; they are designed mainly to show the good of the system. In contrary to this, the security testing shows the weakness in the software with a view to improve it.

The software testing engineer who tests security aspects of software should be a qualified software engineer with experience in software testing, platform, application domain, computer security and software programming.

The main objective of security software is to test for attacks and hacks and hence it concentrates on getting negative results or leaks in security with a view to improve the security aspects of the software.

Conclusion

Hope these are the important and valuable Mobile Testing services which could be followed by any vendors. And your thoughts and suggestions are welcome through comments. And hereby the QA Services resides with perfect solutions and techniques desired by leading and innovative techniques.

Indium Software– Offshore Software testing services | Software testing Companies

Gray Box Software Testing: The Software Testing Halfway House

One of the important stages in the software development life cycle is software testing. There are a number of testing types used for testing the software starting from the development of the application until it reaches the marketing phase.

Before it is released for production any software has to undergo series of testing such as black box/ white box testing/ gray box testing, unit/ integration/ system/ acceptance testing, functional testing services/ non-functional testing and verification and validation.

Many times the software might function satisfactorily when tested as individual modules but fail when the modules are combined together.

The black box/ white box/ gray box testing is based on the categorization of testing based on the knowledge of system. As the name “black box” suggests, this type of testing requires no knowledge of internal logic or code structure.

The types of testing under this strategy are totally focused on the testing for requirements and functionality of the product/software application.

Black box software testing is sometimes also known as “Opaque/ Functional/ Behavioral/ Closed Box Testing”. In this the software tester will input the data and check the correctness of the output data. He is not concerned with the internal operations which make the data do what it does.

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The aspect of testing that is done by white box testing is normally done by a capable software professional. White box testing strategy deals with the internal logic and structure of the code.

This strategy is also known as glass/ structural testing and open box/ clear box testing. The tests written based on the white box testing strategy incorporate coverage of the code written, branches, paths, statements and internal logic of the code etc.

Superficial knowledge on software is not sufficient for doing this test. You must have studied the software thoroughly and you should know the functional capabilities of the software. This test will continue to reveal all the glitches in the software until they are all removed.

Gray box testing involves having access to internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing the test cases, but testing at the user, or black-box level. Gray box testing can be considered as the combination of black box and white box testing.

The objective of this testing is to find out defects related to bad design or bad implementation of the system. In gray box testing, the test engineer is equipped with the knowledge of system and designs test cases or test data based on system knowledge.

However, just like in the case of black box testing the tester does not have access to the code. Access to the code is available only to the white box testers.

A gray box tester can input data into the database and see the output results. He can also perform SQL queries on the database to verify the column values. These are mainly used with client to server testers or individuals who use a database

Gray box testing is also known as gray box analysis. Gray box analysis combines white box techniques with black box input testing. Gray box approaches usually require using several tools together.

In this type of testing debugging of the software is carried out by a QA Services tester who has only a limited knowledge of the internal parts of the program, unlike a white box tester who has access to a code. He has an idea about the individual modules of the system but is unaware of the exact functionality.

The black box and the gray box are similar in that they both view the program from the external point of view. Both the testers do not have internal access to the source code.

Since the testers do not have access to the codes there will not be any premeditated thinking and the results will not be biased due to changes made in the code while testing.

On the other hand, it is more difficult to solve problems in an application due to the non-availability of the codes unlike in white box testing where the code is known to the tester and is considered in designing the testing process.

Dynamic Software Testing: An Essential Stage in the Software Testing Process

Development of any software application involves repetitive building and testing of software until the software is error free and passes successfully the tests for quality, performance, security testing services, etc.

One of the types of software testing services  is dynamic testing or dynamic analysis. This is a term used in software engineering to describe the testing of the dynamic behavior of code.

The dynamic analysis refers to the examination of the physical response from the system to variables that are not constant and change with time. The dynamic software testing indicates whether the code is correct or has errors. These are the Validation activities.

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The dynamic behavior of any application can be illustrated by the following.

	The system may be functioning satisfactorily with a certain flow of activity. Any sudden increase in the level of activity has a negative effect on the system and the performance decreases.
	The application may load quickly as a standalone. However, when more and more applications are loaded the system will get slower, hang or fail altogether.

 

The dynamic software testing is designed to detect such malfunctioning given above. Dynamic Testing involves working with the software, giving input values and checking if the output is as given in the requirements specifications.

The output as compared with the requirements will indicate the correct functioning of the software or otherwise. Any deviation in this indicates the presence of bug and the bug has to be cleared. Dynamic testing is also used to test large exterior problems.

In dynamic testing the software must actually be compiled and run and this is in contrast to static software testing wherein there is no need to run the system.

Dynamic testing is the validation portion of Verification and Validation. Validation part is testing to make sure they are making the right product. Validation or dynamic analyses is associated with the execution, and could be related to the execution of test cases or testing in general.

Unit Tests, Integration Tests, System Tests and Acceptance Tests form the Dynamic Testing methodologies. Briefly, these testing types are as follows.

	Unit testing – This is the method of making sure that smallest unit of your software is working properly in isolation. In this, testing is carried out on the minimal software component or module. They get integrated once the module testing is completed.
	Integration testing – The objective of Integration testing is to make sure that the interaction of two or more components produces results that satisfy functional requirement. This test checks for any defects in the interfaces and interaction between integrated modules. The integrated software should function as a group in the same way as its components.
	System testing – System testing is the most important phase of complete testing cycle. This phase is started after the completion of other phases like Unit, Component and Integration testing. During the System Testing phase performance testing, load testing, stress testing, Scalability etc. are also performed. Non functional testing is normally carried out during the System Testing phase only.
	Acceptance testing – Acceptance Testing is the formal testing conducted to determine whether a software system satisfies its acceptance criteria and to enable buyer to determine whether to accept the system or not.

 

The above tests contribute to make up what is broadly referred to as dynamic testing.

Software Testing: The Basic Testing Process

With the explosion of computer usage and Internet the demand for software development has risen exponentially.

Daily new kinds of software are being developed all over the world. They are from varied fields such as educational, games, office programs, communication programs, applications specific to an industry etc.

A lot of effort is spent in the development of software programs and also in other activities related to software development throughout the software development life cycle.

One important area in this is software testing companies. Before the software is shipped either to the customer or market a number of testing basics are to be completed.

Any bugs in the software either in coding or in logic needs to be rectified before dispatching for sale.

Software testing categorized on the basis of purpose of testing are functional and performance testing.

These are the most important software testing service providers basics and are necessary for the overall QA Services.

In functional testing, the focus of testing is on functional aspects of the system. In this test cases are written to check the expected output and are normally performed in all the test phases from unit to system testing; however, some people test the software only at the fag end of the software development.

Detecting the bugs in the software and debugging of the software is easy if the testing is carried out starting from the initial stages of development.

Functional testing services is testing that makes sure that every individual function works, as envisaged.

All the functions together are what make the system perform correctly The functional testing covers installation tests, Regression testing, upgrade and backward compatibility testing, accessibility testing, internationalization and local testing, API testing and testing of  user interface, database management, security and networking.

During this testing the software is also tested for functions such as user commands, searches, user screens, integrations and data manipulation. Functional testing also helps in the following areas.

	Determines the functioning of the software during downloads and after
	System performance on execution of all the commands required
	The functionality of the software will be good on a specific system, but it fails when the user transfers the data to some other system; this anomaly will be corrected by the software testing basics
	In the field of computers there has been technological improvements occurring constantly and the users upgrade the product frequently because of obsolescence. Hence it is important that all the software on the system can be upgraded as well.

Performance testing services is normally conducted after the completion of functional testing and during the System Testing phase which is near about the final stages of software testing cycle. Many people consider performance testing is the same as functional testing.

Although they appear similar they are distinctly different. Objective of performance testing is to check whether the system meets performance requirements.

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Some of the tests conducted during performance testing determine the time taken for loading the program, time taken for each transaction, extent of work that the program can do at any one time etc.

The software stress tests determine the performance of the system when the system has low resources, little memory etc. It also tests the amount of data it can take without any system failure. Further, the point of failure is determined so that correction can be done for better performance.

The performance of certain modules will be satisfactory when tested at a point of time. However, addition of any other module to this software will cause malfunctioning of the software and requires debugging.

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This is one of the reasons why it is essential that the software testing basics is followed during the entire development of the software.

This facilitates localizing the problems from early stages and rectifying them. Net result of this will be saving in time and research efforts.

To improve the efficiency of automated software testing a number of software testing tools are available. Some of them are detailed in later articles. The whole process of testing requires a lot of effort; however, they need to have proper software testing basics for it to become effective.

What Is The Software Testing Metrics?

The field of software testing services has become important in the last two decades. One of the components of software testing is software testing metrics.

What is software testing matrix? Metrics are the means by which the software quality can be measured; they give you confidence in the product.

These may be considered as product management indicators, which can be either quantitative or qualitative. The metrics provided by testing helps the management in the following.

	visibility into the maturity and readiness for release or production
	visibility into the quality of the software product under development

The above characteristics enable effective management of the basic software testing process, by allowing clear measurement of the quality and completeness of the product.

The demand for software testing companies has increased manifold because of the explosion in the growth of technological development, and this has created large vacancies in the industry. In case you are keen to join this field this is the right time to do it.

The main objective of software testing service providers before its launch into the market is to ensure supply of error free and bug free software to the customer.

Further, the credibility of the software will remain high due to testing. The software testing metrics which is a part of software testing is responsible for checking and ensuring that the software is credible and its performance quality is high.

In addition to this, the software testing makes sure that the product is acceptable to the target audience.

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One of the components of a software testing process is the software testing metrics.  This is meant to check the credibility and quality of the software.

The development of software for various applications is constantly done by software houses. Different vendors develop software for the same application which necessarily means acute competition for the same user.

In a competitive environment like this, it becomes a question of survival of the fittest. Your product must be the best in quality to attract consideration. This is done by the software testing metrics.

Software testing metrics fall under either of the categories – project management (which includes process efficiency) and process improvement. It is not necessary that you use both the metrics all the time.

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Different metrics serve different purposes and you should choose proper metrics for your own situation. For example, you may have a set of metrics that you use to evaluate the output of your test team.

One such metric may be the project management measure of the number of bugs found. Others may be an efficiency measure of the number of test cases written, or the number of tests executed in a given period of time.

Project management metrics are useful for the following areas.

	Planning – Cost estimation, planning of training/ resources, scheduling, and budgeting
	Organizing – The organization of a project is influenced by Size and schedule metrics
	Controlling – tracks the software development against compliance plans
	Improving – for improving the process , identifying areas of weakness and monitor efforts to improve weak areas

A metric quantifies a characteristic of a process or product and can be directly observable quantities or can be derived from one or more directly observable quantities.

Examples of directly observable metrics are the number of source lines of code, number of documentation pages, number of staff-hours, number of tests, etc. Examples of derived metrics are source lines of code per staff-hour, defects per thousand lines of code, or a cost performance index. By browsing through the internet you may be in a position to get much more information on this subject.